Name
|
Consultation Reply
|
Reply
|
Arfan Asif
(Trade Association)
|
I hope this email finds you well. I am
writing to bring to your attention a policy currently implemented
by Kirklees Council regarding the management of penalty points for
taxi drivers, and to propose its adoption by the City of
York.
As you may be aware, Kirklees Council allows taxi drivers to
accumulate up to 9 penalty points on their driving licence before
facing suspension. This policy offers a balanced approach, ensuring
that drivers are held accountable for their actions while also
acknowledging the challenges and complexities of driving for a
living. It provides a reasonable threshold that supports drivers in
maintaining their livelihood, without compromising public
safety.
In the City of York, the current policy appears to be more
stringent, which may lead to increased stress and job insecurity
for drivers who might otherwise continue to provide safe and
reliable service despite minor infractions. By adopting the
Kirklees policy, the City of York would be offering a fairer and
more supportive environment for taxi drivers, aligning with
practices observed in other regions.
I believe this change would be beneficial not only for the drivers
but also for the wider community, as it would help ensure a stable
and consistent taxi service in our city.
I kindly request that the City of York Taxi Licensing department
review the Kirklees policy and consider its implementation. Your
attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated, and I am
happy to provide any further information or assistance as
needed.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
|
Item to discuss with the working
group.
|
Streamline Private Hire
|
Thank you for giving members of the
public and the trade an opportunity to provide feedback on the
newly proposed Taxi Licensing policy.
Whilst we have responded to the survey as individuals, there are
some points that we would like to raise as a large private hire
company in the City of York.
The amendments to the policy are generally positive but the points
below that we are highlighting are potentially very difficult for
us to implement, particularly in regard to servicing the City of
York council Home to School transport contract.
Streamline Taxis currently provide all home to school taxi
transport for CYC. One of the main challenges these days is around
finances, we actively work with CYC to keep cost as low as
possible, We feel some of the proposals put forward could have a
significant impact on those costs,
We would like to say that we fully support the initiatives to
reduce emissions, and in no way want to suggest that costs are more
important than reducing those emissions, but given the severe
pressure all Local authority finances are under, we would like to
seek compromise that would hopefully benefit both targets.
The first one we would like to seek an exemption for is:-
13. Licensed drivers shall not allow any child below the age of 10
years to be conveyed in the front of a vehicle.
For “normal” taxi journey’s we would support this
as drivers turn up unaware of passenger dynamics, and would not
therefore have the appropriate seating, we would like to see an
exemption for the work we carry out under the CYC home to school
transport contract, where all journeys are planned with the correct
seating (booster seats etc) for passengers. No passenger is carried
without the correct seat in place. The benefit to this exemption is
twofold, it means that we can carry more passengers in a vehicle,
which reduces the amount of vehicles we need, this reduces not only
cost to the local authority but also meets the target of reducing
emissions by the fact of less vehicles required.
|
Consultation point noted and slight
amendment has been made to the policy at condition 13.
|
|
The Second condition we would seek
exemption for is:-
26.3 Only the following European Standards will be accepted for new
private
hire vehicle applications, and any subsequent replacement of
these
vehicles, and all replacement vehicles for both taxi and private
hire:
• a petrol or diesel vehicle that is Euro VI or better and
less than 10 years
old.
• a ULEV* petrol or diesel ‘hybrid’, or
‘plug-in hybrid’, electric vehicle.
• any wheelchair accessible vehicle (WAV) that is Euro VI or
better. For
the avoidance of doubt, as well as petrol and diesel vehicles that
are
Euro VI or better, this includes Euro VI hybrids / plug-in hybrids
and all
fully electric WAVs.**
26.6 From (date to be agreed via Committee) a vehicle licence will
only be
renewed to vehicles meeting the requirements of paragraph 26.3
above.
We ask that an exemption to these conditions are made for all
Wheelchair Accessible Vehicles that can carry two or more
wheelchairs. The current requirements under the home to school
contract is for Euro V and no age limit, we would like to see this
remain in place until 2028.
By changing now , during the current contract, will incur
significant extra costs, and potentially disadvantage some of the
most vulnerable members of society, these types of vehicles are not
only used by us for the home to school contract but by several
small dedicated operators who provide transport for Adult social
care and others. While there are more Wheelchair Accessible
vehicles in use these days, most of those are limited to the type
and size of wheelchair that can be accommodated, these larger
vehicles are equipped with tail lifts and can accommodate any
Wheelchair safely.
In terms of licenced vehicles these form a very small percentage of
taxi/private hire vehicles, and often cover less mileage than their
counterparts, we feel therefore, the benefits of keeping the
current guidelines until 2028 of Euro V and no age limit, would
outweigh any gains in reduced emissions.
|
Consultation point noted will be referred
to the committee.
|
|
We would also like to add that if these
exemptions were approved, we would still be working towards
reducing emissions through purchasing newer vehicles. For example,
we are currently looking at purchasing a small number of fully
electric 8 seater vehicles rather than Euro VI Diesels.
We would kindly ask you to consider the points raised above and
reiterate that it is the schools contract work that is potentially
going to be financially impacted with the changes.
We are open to discuss these points in further detail if
required.
|
As Above
|
Andy Gillah (CYC Air Quality
Team)
|
Please find below the formal response
from Environmental Protection on the draft Taxi Licensing
Policy.
Environmental Protection comments on the Draft Taxi Licencing
Policy
Para 26.3 – Emission Standards
The bullet points under 26.3 outline the standards accepted for new
private hire vehicle applications and any subsequent replacement of
these vehicles, and all replacement vehicles for both taxi and
private hire. Para 26.6 confirms that the standards outlined
in para 26.3 will also apply to renewal of a vehicle licence from a
date to be agreed.
Environmental Protection would suggest some changes to the wording
of these bullet points to ensure the standards are not
misinterpreted, to ensure a clear hierarchy for environmental / air
quality impact and to ensure alignment with wider CYC environmental
policies.
First bullet point
Currently written as ‘A petrol or diesel vehicle that is Euro
VI or better and less than 10 years old’
Environmental Protection welcome the proposed age limit of 10
years, as this will ensure that pre-Euro 6 diesel vehicles are
quickly removed from the fleet post 2025. The Euro 6 standard
imposes a further, significant reduction in NOx emissions from
diesel engines, making Euro 6 diesel vehicles considerably better
for local air quality than Euro 5. Euro 6 engines were
introduced in September 2014 for new models and September 2015 for
all new car registrations.
|
|
|
Second bullet point
Currently written as ‘a ULEV* petrol or diesel
‘hybrid’, or ‘plug-in hybrid’, electric
vehicle’
ULEV is defined in the policy as having less than 75g/km CO2.
Environmental Protection recommend that the definition of a ULEV is
updated to ‘vehicles emitting less than or equal to 75g/km
CO2, to avoid ambiguity for those vehicles which emit exactly
75g/km CO2.
Due to the position of the commas in this bullet point, it is not
explicitly clear if fully electric vehicles are included. We
would recommend that the wording is updated to clarify that this
includes ‘fully electric vehicles’. Updated wording is
suggested below.
This bullet point does not currently allow a taxi driver to license
a Euro 6 hybrid vehicle with >75g/km CO2. It should be
noted that this applies to the vast majority of traditional hybrid
vehicles currently available for sale (new and second hand). We
would recommend that CYC allows Euro 6 hybrid vehicles with
>75g/km CO2 to be licensed as taxis as they will operate with
zero tailpipe emissions some of the time and will therefore be
better for local air quality than Euro 6 petrol/diesel vehicles
(allowed under the first bullet point in 26.3).
Environmental Protection recommend that hybrid vehicles >75g/km
CO2 are included under the first bullet point (i.e. alongside Euro
6 petrol/diesel) thereby introducing a similar 10-year age limit
for these types of vehicles. Updated wording is suggested
below.
For the avoidance of doubt, Environmental Protection would
recommend that the bullet points under 26.3 are rewritten as
follows to address the above:
• a petrol/diesel vehicle (or petrol/diesel hybrid vehicle
with >75g/km CO2) that is Euro VI or better and less than 10
years old
• a Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV*see definition) including
fully electric vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(PHEVs) that are Euro 6 or better
• any wheelchair accessible vehicle (WAV) that is Euro 6 or
better. For the avoidance of doubt, as well as petrol and
diesel vehicles that are Euro 6 or better, this includes, Euro 6
petrol/diesel hybrids / plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
and all fully electric WAVs**
Note that the European Emission standards are generally designated
by Arabic numerals for light-duty vehicles (e.g. Euro 6) and Roman
numerals for heavy-duty vehicles (Euro VI). Environmental
Protection recommends that this naming convention is adopted in the
policy throughout.
|
Consultation point noted and changed in
policy 26.3
|
|
Para 26.5 Idling vehicles
This paragraph states ‘Emissions from licensed vehicles could
be reduced further by encouraging better maintenance of vehicles
and by switching off engines when stationary or idling,
particularly at ranks’.
Environmental Protection suggest that this paragraph is
strengthened to highlight that CYC operate a strict anti-idling
policy for all vehicle types. It is recommended that the
following text is added:
Idling is prohibited for any private hire vehicles or taxis that
are parked up and waiting, particularly at ranks, where the
cumulative impact of idling taxis can be detrimental to local air
quality and health.
Clean Air Zone (CAZ) for Taxis
It should be noted that the current administration are committed to
exploring a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) for taxis. The Taxi
Licensing Policy (specifically the emission standards that will be
accepted) may need to be reviewed in the near future to align with
any CAZ proposals, which would be subject to further feasibility
work.
Further incentives for Taxis
It is recommended that wider opportunities for incentivising
ultra-low and zero emission taxis beyond Taxi Licensing Policy are
explored to ensure alignment with CYC’s Fourth Air Quality
Action Plan and carbon reduction agenda.
|
Consultation point noted and changed in
policy 26.5
|
Alan Brewer
|
Good Morning David
We have been asked by our members to register their objections to
the proposed change in the Taxi Licensing Policy that all Hackney
Carriages be Black.
This proposal goes against the previous T Browne v City of York
Council Magistrates Court ruling in 2009.
We request that we are informed should the Council apply to the
Courts to have this decision overturned as this will affect the
whole of the York Taxi Trade and our members can then consider
their options.
|
Consultation Point noted, Uniformity in
local taxi services offers numerous benefits, from enhancing public
trust to even improving operational efficiency. A standardised
approach ensures passengers receive consistent, reliable service,
reinforcing the professional image of the public transport option
and protect vulnerable customers from falling victim to bogus
drivers.
|
M Aslam B237
|
I hope this email finds you well. I am
writing to bring to your attention a policy currently implemented
by Kirklees Council regarding the management of penalty points for
taxi drivers, and to propose its adoption by the City of
York.
As you may be aware, Kirklees Council allows taxi drivers to
accumulate up to 9 penalty points on their driving licence before
facing suspension. This policy offers a balanced approach, ensuring
that drivers are held accountable for their actions while also
acknowledging the challenges and complexities of driving for a
living. It provides a reasonable threshold that supports drivers in
maintaining their livelihood, without compromising public
safety.
In the City of York, the current policy appears to be more
stringent, which may lead to increased stress and job insecurity
for drivers who might otherwise continue to provide safe and
reliable service despite minor infractions. By adopting the
Kirklees policy, the City of York would be offering a fairer and
more supportive environment for taxi drivers, aligning with
practices observed in other regions.
I believe this change would be beneficial not only for the drivers
but also for the wider community, as it would help ensure a stable
and consistent taxi service in our city.
I kindly request that the City of York Taxi Licensing department
review the Kirklees policy and consider its implementation. Your
attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated, and I am
happy to provide any further information or assistance as
needed.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
|
Item to discuss with the working
group.
|
Syed Usman Shah
|
I hope this email finds you well. I am
writing to bring to your attention a policy currently implemented
by Kirklees Council regarding the management of penalty points for
taxi drivers, and to propose its adoption by the City of
York.
As you may be aware, Kirklees Council allows taxi drivers to
accumulate up to 9 penalty points on their driving licence before
facing suspension. This policy offers a balanced approach, ensuring
that drivers are held accountable for their actions while also
acknowledging the challenges and complexities of driving for a
living. It provides a reasonable threshold that supports drivers in
maintaining their livelihood, without compromising public
safety.
In the City of York, the current policy appears to be more
stringent, which may lead to increased stress and job insecurity
for drivers who might otherwise continue to provide safe and
reliable service despite minor infractions. By adopting the
Kirklees policy, the City of York would be offering a fairer and
more supportive environment for taxi drivers, aligning with
practices observed in other regions.
I believe this change would be beneficial not only for the drivers
but also for the wider community, as it would help ensure a stable
and consistent taxi service in our city.
I kindly request that the City of York Taxi Licensing department
review the Kirklees policy and consider its implementation. Your
attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated, and I am
happy to provide any further information or assistance as
needed.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
|
Item to discuss with the working
group
|
Sher Mirza
|
As an experienced Hackney Carriage driver
and proprietor, I would like to express my concerns regarding
Proposal 26.3.
Firstly, I believe that all hybrid vehicles should be eligible for
licensing, regardless of their CO2 emissions. Hybrid vehicles offer
significant environmental benefits, especially in urban
environments where they primarily operate on battery power, thereby
reducing emissions. This is evident in their exemption from the
ULEZ, provided they meet the Euro 4 emissions standard.
Secondly, I find it perplexing that while City of York taxi
licensing collaborates with neighbouring cities such as Wakefield,
Leeds, Bradford, Kirklees, and Calderdale on various aspects of
licensing and enforcement, there exists a disparity in standards.
It is essential to note that many out-of-town private hires operate
in York, contributing to a substantial vehicle presence. Therefore,
it seems logical to align licensing standards across all vehicles
operating in York to ensure consistent efforts towards achieving
cleaner air quality.
I urge for a reconsideration of Proposal 26.3, taking into account
these valid concerns and striving for a more inclusive and
effective approach to taxi licensing standards.
|
26:3 amended Item to discuss with the
working group
|
Ian Hoult (Fleet and Operations
)
|
No real comments from me, I would have
preferred the maintenance standard to be higher than MOT standard,
as MOT is minimum and as we know taxis endure much more arduous
work.
Not sure if you want to include the new testing check sheet as an
appendix for complete transparency but its not a must. Finally, is
there going to be a need for the pedicabs to have a examination of
some sort or will the safety aspect solely be reliant on pre-use
checks of the operator and possible more stringent enforcement
checks?
|
Points noted and no comments
|
R Lack
|
A Here are my observations about the Taxi
Licensing Policy being consulted on.
Please note I use ‘taxi’ ‘taxis’
generically.
Most glaring typo: “From the (Date to be agreed) the side
plates must also clearly bare the City of York coat of arms.”
This should be ‘bear’.
|
Point noted and typo changed in policy
App1 Para 1
|
|
Ref “7.1 In preparing this policy
the Council has consulted with the following agencies: a) Licence
holders b) Hackney carriage and private hire trade associations c)
North Yorkshire Police d) Equality Groups e) Disability Groups f)
Highways Authority (both local and county) g) School Transport h)
Children and Adult Safeguarding i) Other Council Departments j)
Service Users k) Business representatives”
Why is CYC not consulting formally with the York Cycle
Campaign?
|
The consultation was over 12 weeks and
was published on the councils internet and social media
feeds
|
|
Ref: “26.5 Emissions from licensed
vehicles could be reduced further by encouraging better maintenance
of vehicles and by switching off engines when stationary or idling,
particularly at ranks.”
Could switching off engines when waiting, taking a call, at lights,
etc, be made mandatory?
|
Point noted and amendment made in
accordance with recommendations from the council air quality
team
|
|
Private Hire Driver's Licence
Conditions
1. Licensed drivers shall act in a considerate manner ensuring the
safety and comfort of passengers travelling in, entering or
alighting from their vehicle.”
I’d like to see this changes to cover
pedestrians/wheelers and cyclists as well as other drivers, so it
reads:
“1. Licensed drivers shall act in a considerate manner
ensuring the safety and comfort of passengers travelling in,
entering or alighting from their vehicle, other users of the public
realm and other road users.”
|
Point noted the conditions are consistent
with those of the hackney carriage bylaws, any driver must comply
with the provisions of the Road Traffic Act and the Highway
Code.
|
|
I believe the document should start with
the reasons a new policy is needed… Most are mentioned but
get are lost in the text and/or very far down. For example, the
sole reference to a taxi driver being responsible for other road
users was only mentioned in 4.12 on p99. Ditto the “Abide by
the rules as set out in the Highway Code at all times” was in
an appendix for pedicabs on p77.
|
The objectives are set out in the policy
and any driver must comply with the provisions of the Road Traffic
Act and the Highway Code.
|
|
“4.12 … A taxi driver has
direct responsibility for the safety of their passengers, direct
responsibility for the safety of other road users and significant
control over passengers who are in their vehicle.” [My
emphasis.]
4. Public safety: “4.12 Road Safety is a major priority to
the Council. A taxi driver has direct responsibility for the safety
of their passengers, direct responsibility for the safety of other
road users and significant control over passengers who are in their
vehicle.” [My emphasis.]
Public safety includes all other road users: drivers put other road
users at risk by speeding; stopping on corners thereby obstructing
sight lines; opening the driver’s door onto another road
user; actively boarding people in a cycle lane; letting passengers
out into a cycle lane; obstructs modal filters, blocks an ASL or
access to one;
Public safety also includes users of the public realm: motorists
put pedestrians and people in mobility scooters/wheelchairs at risk
when a driver opens a door onto a pavement without checking it is
clear and safe to do so, when s/he stops where passengers open
doors onto pavements… stops on pavements, dropped
kerbs...
|
Any driver must comply with the
provisions of the Road Traffic Act and the Highway Code.
|
|
5. Public health:
- air quality: emissions from running and idling engines but also
because every additional vehicle on the streets causes congestion
which means other polluting vehicles are in use for longer; tyre
wear;
- noise pollution: engines; slamming-sliding doors;
conversations;
- active travel - every motor vehicle makes the streetscape less
safe- and safe-feeling for non motorised users of all kinds and
suppresses cycling, walking, wheeling;
|
Point noted and amendment made in
accordance with recommendations from the council air quality
team
|
|
6. The Highway Code – including all
updates – sets the rules for all drivers, at all times.
I state again I believe taxi drivers need to be told what modal
filters are, where they are in the city, and how to recognise them.
Taxi drivers obstructing these whether when waiting, setting
down/picking up is a frequent problem for people moving around the
city by any means other than a motor vehicle. If other drivers
witness this practice they may feel it is permitted or reasonable
to emulate it.
|
Drivers undertake a driving practical
test prior to licensing as well as a safeguarding and knowledge
test any driver must comply with the provisions of the Road Traffic
Act and the Highway Code. Added a paragraph at 42.4
|
|
2.3 York… ...is one of the most
visited destinations in the country. As such, hospitality, tourism
and leisure are key industries. Our visitors also rely on taxis.
York races, and other events such as a leading Christmas Market
increase the demand for taxi journeys at certain times of the year.
The city is also a centre of academic excellence, with two
universities, and two colleges of further education – taxis
are an important means of transport for students.
|
point noted
|
|
2.4 The city is home to a major railway
station... It is recognised that taxis play a key role in
transporting people at the beginning and end of their train
journey.
York is compact and the rail/bus stations are centrally located
(close to attractions, accommodation, etc). People should be
encouraged to walk or take public transport –
2
signage telling people how close the shopping area, the Minster,
the registry office, etc, are to the rail station, the bus
station… Walking routes and bus stops should be the easiest
and first things visitors arriving in this city should see.
I would like this sentence “taxis are an important means of
transport for students.” and this sentiment to be removed
from this document. The campus of all the centres of learning are
very well served by public transport. Young people need to be
enabled and encouraged to use active modes of transport and to be
confident using public transport. They need to learn and embed
healthy lifestyles to set them up for healthier future lives.
Suggesting and/or promoting taxis of the student transport of
choice:
- undermines the role of public transport and its operators in the
city; and
- is not doing the right thing for young people. The city and its
institutions should be supporting everyone to use active travel
modes and, for young people, embedding these choices for their
future healthy lives.
|
York Bid do provide signage throughout
the city, members of the public do have a choice in their mode of
transport
|
|
The draft policy states in some places
and strongly suggests in others that taxis are good thing for the
city and good for its residents, visitors, students... “2.5
This policy therefore supports the important contribution that the
hackney carriage and private hire trade make to the local transport
system within the authority area.” I would like all
references that promote using taxis to be removed. It reads like an
over reliance on what are in reality extra vehicles making
unnecessary journeys. Taxis are no better than a private car making
a private journey.
|
Point noted the Department for transport
and the local government association suggest that Taxi and Private
hire vehicles are a vital form of local transport
|
|
Further, the policy doesn’t
recognise the need for professional drivers including taxi drivers
to set examples of what to do not what not to do. Local taxi
drivers very frequently obstruct access to and/or continue into the
ASLs. If taxi drivers from other areas and drivers of motor
vehicles generally see professional drivers not respecting ASLs or
lead-ins to them this gives the signal: it is not important to keep
those areas clear.
|
The policy sets out the standards
required as a taxi driver. Any driver must comply with the
provisions of the Road Traffic Act and the Highway Code.
|
|
I also didn’t understand
this:
“62.1 The Council has the power to set hackney carriage fares
for the journeys within their area. Fares, set by the Council, are
a maximum and can be negotiated downwards by the hirer. This may be
particularly useful to avoid congestion.”
Please make it clear how fares can “avoid congestion”.
If the argument does not stand up, please remove this
paragraph.
|
Point noted and amended
|
|
This paragraph is contradictory and
nonsensical.
“26.1 Taxi and private hire vehicles are an essential form of
transport in the York area. Many people depend on such vehicles for
trips when other forms of transport are unsuitable or unavailable;
these persons include the vulnerable and some schoolchildren who
are likely to be more susceptible to poor air quality and
respiratory illnesses. For the health and environmental reasons
above, and because York has a legal duty to improve air quality, it
is vital that emissions from licensed vehicles are reduced as far
as practicable. It is therefore important that increased efforts
are made to reduce emissions of toxic particulates and nitrogen
dioxide, and also greenhouse gases that lead to climate change and
contribute to flooding in York.”
|
The vehicles specification have been
amended on para 26.3
|
|
I also didn’t understand
this:
“62.1 The Council has the power to set hackney carriage fares
for the journeys within their area. Fares, set by the Council, are
a maximum and can be negotiated downwards by the hirer. This may be
particularly useful to avoid congestion.”
Please make it clear how fares can “avoid congestion”.
If the argument does not stand up, please remove this
paragraph.
|
Point noted and amended 63.1
|
Amjad Munir
|
I hope this email finds you well. I am
writing to bring to your attention a policy currently implemented
by Kirklees Council regarding the management of penalty points for
taxi drivers, and to propose its adoption by the City of
York.
As you may be aware, Kirklees Council allows taxi drivers to
accumulate up to 9 penalty points on their driving licence before
facing suspension. This policy offers a balanced approach, ensuring
that drivers are held accountable for their actions while also
acknowledging the challenges and complexities of driving for a
living. It provides a reasonable threshold that supports drivers in
maintaining their livelihood, without compromising public
safety.
In the City of York, the current policy appears to be more
stringent, which may lead to increased stress and job insecurity
for drivers who might otherwise continue to provide safe and
reliable service despite minor infractions. By adopting the
Kirklees policy, the City of York would be offering a fairer and
more supportive environment for taxi drivers, aligning with
practices observed in other regions.
I believe this change would be beneficial not only for the drivers
but also for the wider community, as it would help ensure a stable
and consistent taxi service in our city.
I kindly request that the City of York Taxi Licensing department
review the Kirklees policy and consider its implementation. Your
attention to this matter would be greatly appreciated, and I am
happy to provide any further information or assistance as
needed.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
|
Item to discuss with the working
group.
|
Alan Brewer
|
We thank you for the opportunity to
comment on the Public Consultation of the new Draft Taxi Licensing
Policy.
We would like clarification on the difference between *Taxi
Licensing Policy” & “Taxi Licensing
Conditions” as some of our members are confused over the
anomalies between the two of them.
1.3 In formulating this policy the Council has considered the
advice contained in the ‘Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle
Licensing: Best Practice Guidance’ issued by the Department
for Transport (DfT), first published in March 2010, and the
Statutory Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Standards issued by the DfT
in July 2020.The DfT also carried out consultation with an
extensive range of stakeholders, including taxi operators and
drivers, passengers, passengers with a disability and local
businesses.
We would like consideration also be made to the Competitions &
Markets Authority Guidance “Regulation of Taxis & Private
Hire Vehicles: Understanding the impact on competition” /
“Competition Impact Assessment” Part 1 & Part 2
published in July 2017 and linked to “Taxi and Private Hire
Vehicle Licensing: Best Practice Guidance” issued by the
Department for Transport (DfT), published in November 2023. In
respect of onerous conditions being imposed affecting the ability
to compete both locally and with neighbouring
authorities
|
Consideration noted and made.
|
|
5.2 Officers within the Licensing Section
have delegated powers to determine to:
• Grant or renew an application for a hackney carriage or
private hire vehicle licence;
• Grant or renew an application for a hackney carriage or
private hire driver’s licence;
• Grant or renew an application for a private hire
operator’s licence;
• Refuse an application for the grant or renewal of a hackney
carriage or private hire vehicle licence;
• Refuse an application for the grant or renewal of a hackney
carriage or private hire driver’s licence;
• Refuse an application for the grant or renewal of a private
hire operator’s licence;
• Suspend or revoke a hackney carriage or private hire vehicle
licence;
• Suspend or revoke a hackney carriage or private hire
driver’s licence; or
• Suspend or revoke a private hire operator’s
licence.
Workshop technician within Fleet Services also have delegated
authority to suspend a vehicle licence if the vehicle fails an
inspection or no longer complies with the vehicle licence
conditions.
19.3 The vehicle inspection carried out by the Council will consist
of two parts which will comprise a mechanical examination and an
inspection of the condition and fittings of the vehicle, to ensure
that the vehicle conforms with the standard conditions attached to
the taxi and private hire vehicle licences.
Our previous conditions stated that part 2 of our vehicle test was
to be completed by a “Taxi Licensing Officer”. This has
been omitted from the new policy.
The only reason that a Workshop Technician would require authority
to issue a Section 68 suspension was if a Taxi Licensing Officer
was not in attendance.
|
Vehicle examiners have the delegated
powers to issue suspensions the policy has been amended to reflect
this
|
|
13.6 From (date to be determined by
committee) private hire vehicle must be any colour other than
black. This requirement will apply to currently licensed vehicles
upon change of vehicle. Private hire vehicles that have been
granted the ‘Private Hire Vehicle Licence Plate and Signage
Exemption’ (Executive Vehicles), will be exempt from this
requirement.
14.4 From the (date to be agreed via committee) Hackney Carriage
Vehicles must be a single colour, black. This requirement will
apply to currently licensed vehicle upon change of vehicle.
We refer you to our previous email in respect of the above being
against the Magistrates Court ruling
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Consultation Point noted, Uniformity in
local taxi services offers numerous benefits, from enhancing public
trust to even improving operational efficiency. A standardised
approach ensures passengers receive consistent, reliable service,
reinforcing the professional image of the public transport option
and protect vulnerable customers from falling victim to bogus
drivers.
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19. Vehicle Testing
We request that the Taxi and private hire vehicle licensing best
practice guidance for licensing authorities in England (November
2023) 8.19 Vehicle testing be adopted.
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Consultation point noted, The current
requirements of the council's vehicle inspections are to a MOT
mechanical standard and includes vehicle conditions and
cleanliness of the vehicle inside and outside, correct plates
displayed etc.
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26.9 Following the recommendations of an
unmet demand survey, undertaken in autumn 2021, and the non-renewal
of three hackney carriage vehicle licences, on the 20 October 2022,
the Council approved the grant of ten hackney carriage vehicle
licences. Members determined that these vehicle licences will only
be granted to: • a fully electric wheelchair accessible
vehicle; or • a plug-in electric petrol hybrid wheelchair
accessible vehicle*. *These vehicles are purpose-built taxis and
have CO2 emissions of less than 50g/km and can travel at least
112km (70miles) without any emissions. The vehicle must be black in
colour. These vehicles are issued with vehicle licence numbers from
184 to 193.
These specifications have changed from the original approved by the
Licensing Committee.
Is the mileage figure based on bench mark figures or what they
actually achieve? LEVC’s own website states the actual
mileage expected under working conditions will average 63 miles.
(Less in Winter & More in Summer)
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LEVC vehicle are Euro ^ with an
emission rating of 29 g/km (A) the range for battery / own use
varies dependant on driving conditions The TX’s city
technology provides a pure EV range of 78 miles and a total
range-extended capacity of 333 miles
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40. Licensed Drivers DVLA Driving Licence
Records
40.1 In order for the Council to be able to check DVLA driving
licence records as part of the on-going fit and proper assessment,
the Council will appoint a company to undertake driving licence
checks. These checks will confirm the drivers’ entitlement to
drive with the DVLA and any unspent endorsements.
40.2 Licensed drivers, shall within one month of the initial the
grant of their licence, register with the company appointed by the
Council to undertake ongoing DVLA driving licence checks.
44.3 DVLA driving licence checks will be carried out
annually.
Some of our members have long questioned being forced under duress
to sign up to DriveTech with their terms & conditions allowing
access to financial information. Our financial information has
nothing to do with having our Driving Licenses being checked. In
the past we were assured by Taxi Licensing that only the
information required would be accessed and that DriveTech were a
reputable company owned by the AA. The AA has since been taken over
with the majority of shares being owned by an off shore
company.
We request that an alternative process through the DVLA license
checking service be made available for drivers who are
uncomfortable with DriveTech terms and conditions. (Once yearly as
per 44.3)
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No Financial information is provided to
Drivetech and the company are compliant with data protection
and GDPR
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42.3 Licensed drivers shall not smoke
(cigarettes or E cigarettes) at any time whilst in the licensed
vehicle, or adjacent to it, which results in smoke entering the
vehicle, or allow any other person to do so.
This is unenforceable. We have no control over the General Public
outside of our vehicle as we have seen with us frequently having to
close windows to prevent the odour from marijuana smokers in the
area of St Saviougate Taxi Rank.
We also question which takes priority, Licensing Policy, Licensing
Conditions or Hackney Carriage Bye Laws?
Appendix 9 PRIVATE HIRE DRIVERS LICENSING CONDITIONS
2. Licensed driver shall not smoke (cigarettes or E cigarettes) at
any time whilst in the licensed vehicle, or adjacent to it, which
results in smoke entering the vehicle, or allow any other person to
do so
Appendix 4 Hackney Carriage Byelaws
16. The driver of a hackney carriage shall not at any time smoke or
burn tobacco when in their licensed vehicle.
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Consultation point noted, the law on
smoke free vehicles is cover under the Health Act 2006 Section 6
and 8
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48.4 It is a condition of licence that
the applicant operates from a premises within the controlled
district of the Council.
How does this policy work when 50.3 states “Operators may
outsource booking and dispatch functions to their staff”
which maybe outside controlled district of the Council?
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Noted however wording for 50.3 is private
hire operators who outsource booking and dispatch functions shall
require evidence that comparable protections are applied by the
company to which they outsource these functions.
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48.5 Application for a private hire
operator’s licence must be made on the prescribed form,
together with the appropriate fee. The Council will then decide
whether the applicant is a fit and proper person to hold a
licence.
The criteria for an Operators License fit and proper test should
not be the same as required to obtain a Driver’s
License.
Statutory Taxi & Private Hire Vehicle Standards November
2022
5.4 Fit and proper test
Licensing authorities have a duty to ensure that any person to whom
they grant a taxi or private hire vehicle driver’s licence is
a fit and proper person to be a licensee. It may be helpful when
considering whether an applicant or licensee is fit and proper to
pose oneself the following question:
Without any prejudice, and based on the information before you,
would you allow a person for whom you care, regardless of their
condition, to travel alone in a vehicle driven by this person at
any time of day or night?
If, on the balance of probabilities, the answer to the question is
no, the individual should not hold a licence
The above question is not a defining answer just helpful assistance
and has very little to do with becoming an Operator.
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Noted the criteria for operator fit an
proper is not the same as a driver
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Appendix 8
A Policy on Determining the Suitability of Applicants and Licensees
as Drivers in Taxi & Private Hire Licensing
1.8 As part of the assessment referred to in paragraph 4 above the
Council can consider convictions and cautions but also other
outcomes of actions taken by the police, other agencies and the
Civil Courts.
1.9 Reference to convictions in this Policy also includes cautions,
warnings, reprimands, all forms of fixed penalty notices,
restrictive type orders and any other relevant information. These
must be reported to the Council in the format and timescales stated
in the relevant Policy. In addition any circumstances relating to
the licensee is potentially relevant if it is relevant to their
safety and suitability to hold a licence.
1.13 The licensing process places a duty on the Council to protect
the public. Therefore it is essential that those seeking a living
as a driver meet the required standards. As previous offending and
other behaviour can be considered as a predictor in determining
future behaviour, it is important that the Council considers all
relevant factors including previous convictions, cautions,
complaints, failures to comply with licence conditions, and the
time elapsed since these were committed.
2. Applying the Guidance
2.4 The granting of a licence places an individual in a unique
position of trust, and they are expected to act with integrity and
demonstrate conduct befitting of the trust placed in them. For this
reason, whilst it is possible for an applicant or existing licence
holder to have convictions that individually comply with the
Policy, the overall offending history and conduct of the
applicant/licence holder will be considered. Appropriate weight
will be applied where a series of convictions/incidents have been
incurred over a period of time.
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Noted paragraphs repeated from the
policy
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48.7 Operators who hold Private Hire
Operators licences in other local authority areas may sub-contract
or otherwise make arrangements through technology (such as an app)
for journeys to be fulfilled by that ‘sister operator’.
However, when undertaking journeys in the district of York i.e.
which start and finish in the city, Operators are advised not to
undermine this policy by using drivers who do not meet the
suitability policy in respect of the number of points on their DVLA
licence or having failed the safeguarding and knowledge test
(unless they are booked to re-take it). Operators should also take
steps to ensure that all drivers undertaking journeys which start
and/or finish in York are familiar with the main routes and
destinations in the city without relying on a sat nav. This is to
avoid unnecessarily prolonging journeys during periods of
congestion (thereby adding to the congestion) or when the road
network is altered for roadworks or events. Such drivers should
also be aware of the rules relating to the city centre pedestrian
zone at different times of the day.
East Riding of Yorkshire Council prioritise subcontracting.
Subcontracting is only allowed when there are no locally licensed
vehicles available within their licensing area. Ie Bookings are
allocated to East Riding of Yorkshire Vehicles first.
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Reviewed ER the policy which states:-
"Operators must make
every effort that if they accept a booking from a customer that
they honour that booking" covered in Section 55 of 76 Act.
Cross border is lawful under the Deregulation Act 2016
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50.1 Operators may outsource booking and
dispatch functions to their staff, they cannot pass on the
obligation to protect children and vulnerable adults. The operator
must demonstrate to the Licensing Authority that all staff that
have contact with the public and/or oversee the dispatching of
vehicles do not pose a risk to the public
Refer to 48.4. If booking staff can be outsourced outside the
controlled district then how is 48.4 achievable
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The operator employs staff to undertaken
the booking functions, main point of operations is the office
address
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48.8 It is reasonable for the public of
York, when booking a private hire vehicle from a York licensed
private hire operator, to expect that City of York Council has
determined that the vehicle is suitable, and that the driver is a
‘fit and proper’ person. Therefore, for transparency
and to facilitate customer choice, where a driver and vehicle
licensed by another authority are dispatched, the customer should
be notified in advance of the booking and offered the opportunity
to cancel without charge. This also reduces the regulatory burden
on the Council and the cost to the local taxi trade in dealing with
complaints about drivers/vehicles who are licensed elsewhere.
Will this really happen other than notification in the small print
of the App and becoming a condition of using the App?
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Noted question Yes
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50.3 Private hire operators who outsource
booking and dispatch functions shall require evidence that
comparable protections are applied by the company to which they
outsource these functions
Refer to 48,4 & 50.1
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Noted, reply's given above
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55.2 Operators are required to keep
records in the form of a log sheet or computer database
detailing:
a) Bookings –
• the time and date of the request
• the passengers name
• the times and dates of the booking
• the pick-up point
• the destination
• the name and licence number of the driver
• the registration and licence number of the vehicle
• the name of any individual taking the booking
• the name of any individual who dispatches the
vehicle/driver.
In addition to the above East Riding of Yorkshire Council require
the time the vehicle was dispatched (adequate time allowed to
fulfil the booking) & also the time that the booking was
completed or cancelled.
East Yorkshire Council also require an Operator to record the times
that drivers log on & off their system to ensure that drivers
do not exceed HSE diving hours and place the Public at
risk.
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Noted 55.2 minor amendment
made
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63.2 The Council will review the table of
fares when requested by the Hackney Carriage Trade. All
Associations acting on behalf of the hackney carriage trade must
agree to any changes to fares before making the request to the
Council. When determining the level of fares consideration will be
given to what is reasonable to expect the travelling public to pay
as well as the need to give the drivers an incentive to provide a
service at all times it is needed. Any requests to review the table
of fares may be referred to Committee for consideration prior to
advertising the variation.
As we have previously encountered this does not work. One
association have the ability to hold the rest to ransom. To further
complicate things we now have a situation where there can be a
tremendous difference in the capital outlay required to fulfil
differing licensing conditions. Fares are required to be set at a
level where a driver can earn a living whilst taking into
consideration the amount that the public are expected to pay.
With the vast differences in capital outlay this is now beyond what
the Taxi Trade are capable to calculate. Consideration must also be
given to increasing congestion due to road closures affecting the
time being taken to complete our journeys. (The Unmet Demand Survey
showed that a maximum of 3 journeys per hour could be achieved at
peak demand with considerably less at other times)
We therefore request that the Taxi & Private Hire Vehicle
Licensing best practice guidance for licensing authorities in
England (November 2023) section 10 be fully adopted.
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Noted, the fare increases are put forward
by the trade and in accordance with ONS data at the time
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64.2 Private hire operators that use
licensed vehicles fitted with a fare meter will provide the Council
with a current table of fares. This table must also be displayed in
each private hire vehicle so that it is easily visible to all
hirers
If a fare meter is not used then no table is required in the
vehicle.
Refer to Appendix 1
1.The licensed vehicle shall display the following signs following
approval by the Council:-
c) A statement of fares and the means by which these are calculated
placed in a prominent position inside the vehicle.66.
Overcharging
66.1 All meters must be calibrated to the correct fare scale. It is
an offence for the driver to demand more than the fare on the
meter.
Only vehicles fitted with meters can be accused of
overcharging
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Notes 64.2 amended
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73.1 Council officers will undertake
roadside checks of licensed vehicles and drivers. If a vehicle
and/or driver fails the check their licence will be suspended. The
suspension will not be lifted until such time that all matters have
been rectified. For the suspension to be lifted the driver with
vehicle will have to attend the Council’s Eco Depot for
re-inspection.
74. Joint Working with the Police and/or DVSA
74.1 The Council will work jointly with the Police and/or DVSA to
carry out spot checks on licensed vehicles and drivers. The check
may be undertaken at the roadside or at the Vehicle Workshop at the
Council’s Eco Depot.
74.2 Vehicles and/or drivers failing the check will have their
vehicle and/or drivers licence suspended. The vehicle licence
suspension will not be lifted until all matters have been rectified
and the vehicle is presented to the Vehicle Workshop at the
Council’s Eco Depot for re-inspection. The driver licence
suspension will not be lifted until such time that the driver has
attended the Council’s Eco Depot and officers are satisfied
that the driver is “fit and proper”.
All authorities use 73.1
We have no objection to the Council continuing to work as they are
now doing but ask that the whole of section 74 be removed.
If section 74 is to remain then we ask that clarification is made
in respect of being INVITED to go to Hazel Court
Licensing Officers have powers for roadside checks (73.3). The
Police have powers to complete a roadside check on M1 classified
vehicles. The Police only have powers to direct M2 & M3
classified vehicles to a test centre.
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The Police have the power under (Local
Government (Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1976) and the Road Traffic
Act.
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16. Any two-way radio or PDA equipment
shall be securely fixed to the vehicle.
Previous Licensing Conditions
14. Only one two way radio may be operational at any one time and
this shall be an approved radio used exclusively for the hackney
carriage or private hire trade and properly licensed. The radio
shall be securely fixed to the vehicle.
By only previously allowing one radio it controlled the amount of
distraction whilst driving. Radios are virtually obsolete and have
been taken over by Apps.
There is a good argument that a driver should only be allowed to
work one App as they are visual and more distracting than answering
a radio
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two way radios must be secure Road
Traffic Act, drivers have a choice of operators
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Appendix 4
Hackney Carriage Byelaws
Bye Laws have not been updated since February 2000
3 The proprietor of a hackney carriage shall:
i) provide a working electric light in the interior of such
carriage for the use of any person hiring such carriage or being
driven therein
It is not illegal to drive with the interior lights on. This should
be at the discretion of the driver as he is responsible should
anything happen should the light be a distraction
16. The driver of a hackney carriage shall not at any time smoke or
burn tobacco when in their licensed vehicle.
Refer to 46.3
17. The proprietor or driver of a hackney carriage shall be
entitled to demand and take for the hire of the carriage the rate
or fare prescribed by the Council, the rate or fare being
calculated by distance and time unless the hirer express at the
commencement of the hiring his desire to engage by time. Provided
always that where a hackney carriage furnished with a taximeter
shall be hired by distance and time the proprietor or driver
thereof shall not be entitled to demand and take a fare greater
than that recorded on the face of the taximeter, save for any extra
charges authorised by the Council which it may not be possible to
record on the face of the taximeter.
Would this allow a call out fee or Out of Town Charge?
20. The proprietor or driver of a hackney carriage shall, if any
property accidentally left therein by any person who may have been
conveyed in the carriage, be found by or handed to him:
a) carry it as soon as possible and in any event within 48 hours
(if not sooner claimed by or on behalf of its owner) to either the
office of the Council (provided that any day on which such office
is closed shall be excluded from such calculation) or to a Police
station in the district and leave it in the custody of the officer
in charge of the office or Police station as the case may be on his
giving a receipt for it, and
I do not believe the Police accept lost property now
b) be entitled to receive from any person to whom the property
shall be re- delivered, an amount equal to the fare for the
distance from the place of finding to the office of the Council or
the Police station but not more than five pounds.
Way outdated fare from 2000
Repeal of byelaws
IN WITNESS WHERE OF the COMMON SEAL of the COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
YORK is here to affixed this 5th day of November, one thousand nine
hundred and ninety nine in the presence of:
R F Clark
Head of Legal Services to the Council of the City of York
The foregoing byelaws are hereby confirmed by the Secretary of
State and shall come into operation on the 14th day of February
2000 76 Draft 2024 Signed by authority of the Secretary of
State
E C NEVE 5th January 2000
Appendix 8
A Policy on Determining the Suitability of Applicants and Licensees
as Drivers in Taxi & Private Hire Licensing
1.8 As part of the assessment referred to in paragraph 4 above the
Council can consider convictions and cautions but also other
outcomes of actions taken by the police, other agencies and the
Civil Courts.
2.4 The granting of a licence places an individual in a unique
position of trust, and they are expected to act with integrity and
demonstrate conduct befitting of the trust placed in them. For this
reason, whilst it is possible for an applicant or existing licence
holder to have convictions that individually comply with the
Policy, the overall offending history and conduct of the
applicant/licence holder will be considered. Appropriate weight
will be applied where a series of convictions/incidents have been
incurred over a period of time.
Should be taken into account as part of Fit & Proper
Test
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Noted: main body of policy covers lost
property
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Table A
We request further consideration be given to Table A. Both Kirklees
Council & Leeds Councils have amended Table A differing from
our Draft Policy
Both North & East Yorkshire total their penalty points in a
rolling 3 year cycle with retraining options.
We would also point out that the retraining option is available in
our current Licensing Policy
35.2 Licensed drivers who accumulate nine or more fixed penalty
points may be required to undertake the driving assessments, this
will be at the discretion of the Licensing Manageror such other
Officer as is authorised by the Council
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Item to discuss with the working
group.
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Appendix 9
Private Hire Driver's Licence Conditions
2. Licensed driver shall not smoke (cigarettes or E cigarettes) at
any time whilst in the licensed vehicle, or adjacent to it, which
results in smoke entering the vehicle, or allow any other person to
do so
Refer to 42.3
9. Licensed drivers will not drive when their ability to do so is
impaired by having worked excessive hours or when under the
influence of drink or drugs.
We do not see the necessity to include drink or drugs as it is
quite obvious and included under driving license regulations.
Excessive hours is an ever increasing problem in order for drivers
to earn a living and should be controlled.
13. Licensed drivers shall not allow any child below the age of 10
years to be conveyed in the front of a vehicle.
This does not include Hackney Carriages & may affect some
school contract work.
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42.3 comments above, noted and 13
amended
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Appendix 10
Private Hire Operators’ Licence Conditions
21. The licensed operator shall keep and maintain at all times for
a period of not less than six months, a record of hiring showing
the particulars of every booking of a hackney carriage/private hire
vehicle, including any booking accepted at the request of another
operator. The record must be kept in the form of a log sheet or
computer database detailing:-
a) Bookings –
• the time and date of the request – the 24 hour clock
shall be used
• the passenger’s name
• the times and dates of the booking
• the pick-point
• the destination
• the name and licence number of the driver
• the registration and licence number of the vehicle
• the name of any individual taking the booking
• the name of any individual who dispatches the
vehicle/driver.
b) Details of all hackney carriage/private hire vehicles operating
from his/her office (vehicle make/model, colour, registration
number and licence number)
c) Details of all hackney carriage/private hire driver’s
operating from his/her office (name, address and licence
number)
d) complaints received from the public
e) Remarks (including details of any sub-contracting to another
licensed operator).
All records shall be maintained and kept up to date at all times
and shall be available for inspection at all reasonable times,
without notice, by an Authorised Officer, the Police or DVSA. For
the purpose of further investigation, records may be removed from
the premises if so required or copied.
Refer to 55.2
28. The licensed operator shall provide a prompt, efficient and
reliable service to members of the public at all times, ensuring
that when a private hire vehicle has been hired to be in attendance
at an appropriate time and place, that vehicles shall, unless
delayed, attend punctually at that time and place.
29. The licensed operator remains accountable for service delivery
even upon the transfer of a booking to another licensed
operator.
31. When the licensed operator accepts a hiring for a private hire
vehicle, they shall ensure that a City of York Council licensed
vehicle punctually attends as near to the appointed time as
possible and place or make an arrangement under Section 55A of the
Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 for the
booking to be carried out by another licensed operator.
For quite some time now we have been picking passengers up that
have had their booking cancelled at the last minute by App
companies.
We therefore feel it is important that a record be kept of the time
the vehicle is dispatched and also the time the booking is
completed or cancelled by the passenger.
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Noted amended
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Sub Contracting or otherwise using
‘sister operator’ licences
32. If the licensed operator holds an operators’ licence in
other licensing districts (the ‘sister operators’), the
operator must include the names of every private hire driver
employed or used by those sister operators and the districts in
which each driver is licensed, in a ‘schedule of
sub-contracted drivers’.
This is going to be a big list. Every Drive, York Cars, Uber etc
driver that is on their books?
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Question ? Yes
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33. When sub-contracting a ‘York
booking’ (namely a journey that either begins or ends in the
City of York district), prior to the commencement of that journey,
the licensed operator must inform the customer if their booking
will be sub-contracted to a private hire operator not licensed by
the City of York, making it clear that City of York Council has no
regulatory responsibility for that vehicle and driver, and must
provide the following information to that customer:
Every App Company with a York Operators License & bookings that
either start or finish in York will be classed as bookings taken
from their York Office & York License. Out of area cars will be
subcontracted. If Hull Council decide to operate in the same way
which office is responsible for a job from York to Hull or vice
versa?
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Subcontracting us detailed by the
Deregulation Act 2016
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For Private Hire Operators operating over
99 vehicles.
36. The licensed operator must ensure that at least one wheelchair
accessible vehicle is in operation at all times (except in
circumstances beyond the operator’s control). In the event
that a vehicle is not in operation, the licensed operator must
notify the Council of the reason and the steps being taken to
ensure a wheelchair accessible vehicle is in operation.
Swansea have a licensing condition where the Operator had to
inspect vehicles personally each day before they started work. Uber
got this overturned as it was not practical as their business model
allows drivers to come and go as they please. They have no control
over who works when & where. Will the same excuse apply in York
should they reach 99 vehicles?
Will the 99 vehicles being Operated include subcontractors that are
on their books as per Appendix 10.32?
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Noted
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Appendix 11
Hackney Carriage Ranks
FULL TIME RANKS
St. Saviourgate – Rank
A
12 cars
St.Saviourgate - Rank A holds 8 cars. Rank B holds 4
cars. 12 cars in total not 16
We would also like to point out that for every pedicab license
issued a Hackney Carriage Vehicle space is lost from the
ranks
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TRO states 12 and 4
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Mark Hanson
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Have you considered having a policy that
states that PHV's can not work in the boundries of york under
section 46/1D. As they working illegally. Other cities have
implemented this. So why can't you do this.
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Cross border hiring is covered by the
Deregulation Act and stated cases.
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